Codenames: Monique, Denise Urbain. White Eagle Resistance Group in Poland during World War Two. After being arrested, which is discussed later, Warenghem was sent to Castres prison in southern France where she met Blanche Charlet an agent serving with SOEs F Section who had been captured along with her wireless operator Brian Stonehouse. Arrived in France 8 August 1944. Radio operator. Although trained to keep their transmissions as brief as possible in order to make detection more difficult, many went over the recommended time limit to ensure London received vital information. During the confusion of Operation Dynamo, the emergency evacuation of Dunkirk, his guards were naturally more concerned in surviving the German onslaught than guarding a petty thief and Cole soon found an opportunity to escape, but after being stranded in occupied France instead of attempting to escape to England Cole felt confident he could use the occupation to his advantage and began developing a new scam. After being identified as a Gestapo agent Cole is thought to have made his way to Paris to continue his work with the Gestapo and It is known he was at their headquarters in Paris when the allies landed in Normandy. Then Acorn Technology may have the position for you. Although research is still incomplete and I understand someone is currently writing a book on the sisters, it has been established that at the age of 21 Eileen, known as Didi, was an F Section Wireless Operator working near Paris. Between her capture and July 1944, Sansom was repeatedly tortured for information on her fellow agents, but refused to give anything up. As children, Violette and her four brothers were encouraged to learn French and at an early age they were fluent in the language. Thousands of spies would eventually penetrate every theater of World War II, from Poland to Ethiopia to Burma, with most serving in continental Europe. They then received orders to go to the Jura Mountains were arrangements were being made for them to cross the border into Switzerland but shortly after making the long and difficult trip they were informed the escape line contact had been arrested several days previous. On a number of occasions the Gestapo had managed to extract this information from captured wireless operators and once they had the code and the wireless set they managed to deceive London. Crew on board the, Later become the first Chinese-Canadian MP, Radio Operator - Shelburn Line (Shelbourne Line) Operation Bonaparte, Deported to KL Buchenwald (Jan 1944Jan 45)-. Violette volunteered for the operation. The little information we have on Denise Bloch was obtained by Vera Atkins during her extensive investigation into missing agents. To makes these schemes more difficult a concerned member of the public would phone the police telling them there was someone acting suspiciously and they may be a spy. In 1946, Jaqueline and other former members of STATIONARY Circuit played themselves in a public information film (available at the Imperial War Museum) depicting some of their work in occupied France. It is highest gallantry award for civilians as well as for military personnel in actions which are not in the face of the enemy or for which purely military honours would not normally be granted. To keep these camps apart, RF Section (pro-Gaullists) was mooted in late 1940 and came into being in early 1941. Although Odette held three married names, undoubtedly, the name Churchill saved her life at Ranensbruck Concentration Camp. What did female SOE agents do? Im just an ordinary person who did a job during the war (Telegraph 3 September 2015) Based on similar interviews of other former members of SOE there is no doubt that extreme modesty and humility was a common trait among SOE agents and may be one of the traits the staff looked for at Wanborough Manor. Change). Courier. As FARMER had no leadership or wireless operator Yolande was ordered to keep London informed of the developments and problems associated with both circuits: this resulted in a large increase in wireless traffic and increased possibilities of detection. After contacting SOE in London via a wireless link they were involved in a very long and dangerous trek across France which required putting into practice all the escape and evasion skills they had been taught whilst knowing they were on the wanted list and their prison photographs were being circulated. After scooping up her possessions she stormed out of the room and went to her bedroom. From throughout-the-year events and new installations in Copenhagen, the UNESCO World Capital of Architecture, to the long awaited opening the underground bunker museum REGAN Vest in North Jutland. They also say her face was severely swollen as if she had be repeatedly punched. When Odette was recruited and agreed to work for SOE she had three Children, Francoise aged 11; Lillie aged 8 and Marianne aged 6, and during her training and hazardous work in occupied France they stayed at a convent school in rural England. The clandestine networks and agents were "dedicated to encourage and aid resistance" to the German occupation of the country. However the network was later revived by Francis Suttill, organiser of Prosper. During her training she showed a natural talent for receiving and sending Morse code and became one of F Sections wireless operators. While her colleagues were being arrested, Inayat Khan remained at large for months, the only active SOE radio operator in the Paris area. Kate Vigurs interweaves for the first time the stories of all thirty-nine Her children and the convent believed their mother was working in Scotland and Vera Atkins, using pre-written letters from Odette, continued the pretence. Autobiography by a former New York Times journalist and one of the first SOE agents to arrive in France. Yes, there was some security probems with the Frech but not to the extstent she suggests and I would not describe the CO as incompetent and the other negative descriptions she levelled at him. Twice. It was decided Armaud would to return to Faverges, Odette and Churchill would go back to the Hotel. Military Historian and Freelance Defence Journalist. Hugh Dormer. In 1944 DONKEYMAN was listed as fragmented; WIZARD had collapsed. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. According to Foot, agents who passed the selection and training were also informed The chances of a safe return from occupied France were no better than evens, that is, the staff expected to lose half their agents Consequently, prior to committing themselves to hazardous operation all agents were given another opportunity to consider the dangers. French military decoration created on September 26, 1939, to honour people who fought with the Allies against the Axis force at any time during World War II. After the war Airey Neave (MI9) said Cole was among the most selfish and callous traitors who ever served the enemy in time of war. "Mdaille de la Reconnaissance franaise". This was not unique to France, in most countries under occupation could be found the morally disengaged who were willing to sell members of their communities to the highest bidder and this was often the Gestapo whose reputation for brutality was well known throughout occupied Europe. It was also essential to setup lines of communications with neighbouring circuits in order to be support the planned Allied invasion. July 1, 2012. When Odette joined SOE she was married to Roy Sanson, after his death she married SOE agent Peter Churchill, and after their divorce in 1955? Francis was only two when his father parachuted into France in . As the search continued they found a French medal, a Croix de Guerre, other medals and more photographs taken during the War. In her rush, Violette had not checked whether she had picked up everything- as the door closed her father saw her parachute wings on the floor- everything now made sense. The security procedures you refer to are the bluff and true checks which were far more complex than misspelt words. Five months before the BEF was sent to France. SOE's objectives were to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in occupied Europe (and later, also in occupied Southeast Asia) against the Axis powers, and to aid local resistance movements. British independent all-female unit active in both nursing and intelligence work during the World Wars. Several SOE agents recall a time they were physically and mentally exhausted and violently woken up in the early hours of the morning by men dressed in German uniforms- they were expected to immediately reply in French and during the mock interrogation to maintain their cover story (legend), role play and when necessary improvise. This film can be seen at:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEhwZ9C1jgA. Croix de Guerre avec palme, Legion d'honneur, 1st Knight of The Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, Head of Billet circuit, Head of Eduard escape line to Spain. During Vera Atkins relentless investigation to discover what had happened to her agents who she considered family, she interviewed an SOE agents who had been incarcerated in a neighbouring cell to Noor. Her father, who had served in France with the British Army during the First World War married a French women and they moved to London after the War. Hugo Bleicher, an Abwehr (German Military Intelligence) officer who worked against the French Resistance judged her interrogation the most skilful to which he had been subjected to by his captors. Suzanne Warenghem who was now pregnant and feared her husband, travelled to Marseille to join an escape line where some writers say her child was still born, and sometime in March 1943 she was arrested and sent to Castres prison where she met SOE agent Blanche Charlet. But Sydney Hudson's story, which he has waited nearly sixty years to tell, is just about as dramatic and thrilling as any to have ever appeared. Courier. During the Second World War the SOE sent 470 agents into France including 39 women. 1905-2004: LdH, CdeG: Sister of SOE Agent Claude de Baissac, Portrayed as Louise Desfontaines in the movie Female Agents (Les Femmes de l'ombre). Born to American parents. Correct Paul, is should be Denise Bloch not Block, Very interesting. 336 Pages, 5.00 x 7.75 in, 22 b-w illus. Codename: Georges, Ernest. On every main street in Paris there were wanted posters for Claud Malraux and other members of his circuit. Many werent. Code name, Member of the Shetland gang. also known as Nikolaos Tsenoglou. Four days Later Churchill was flown out by Lysander to report the situation directly to Buckmaster; Odette and Armaud remained to monitor the situation. KIA aboard HMS Fidelity. Awarded to British Commonwealth forces who served between June 6, 1944, and May 8, 1945, in France, Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Germany, and adjacent sea areas. Over a period of two months Noor sent 20 messages to London and maintained wireless security- keeping all transmissions times to a minimum and regularly changing her location. The msg. Those who passed all courses were eligible to join SOEs F Section, commonly referred to as the Firm whose headquarters were at 64 Bakers Street London and members of this exclusive club quickly got to know Maurice Buckmaster Buck and Vera Atkins. Her father did not approve, he felt strongly that she should be at home looking after her daughter and this led to several heated argument. Wireless transmissions: Ambroise and Crinoline. They left France on 30 April. List of SOE F Section networks and agents, "List of SOE F Section networks and agents", Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Captain Brian Dominic Rafferty | Christ Church, Oxford University", "The British Prosper Spy Network: Destroyed to Protect D-Day? After the SS were informed by a double agent that Odette had sent plans of the German navy base at Marseille to London, all food was withdrawn and the heating to her cell was turned up. A video interview of Noreen Rios former SOE agent. For example, SOE organiser George Reginald Starr was the organiser of the Wheelwright network and known as "Hilaire" to French contacts in the Resistance and to other SOE personnel. Harold Cole was born in the east end of London on 24 January 1906 and after leaving . He then was involved in assisting . Later seconded to Palestine Police and MI6 after war ended. By constant movement she avoided being cornered and fought until she dropped exhausted. Under her leadership her circuit destroyed railways lines, electricity pylons, and engaged in hit-and-run tactics against Germany troops. One immediate target was the 'Das Reich' 2nd SS Panzer Division, which began to march north through France towards the Normandy beaches. She was one of the first female agents to parachute into France along with Lise de Baissac on September 24, 1942. Some of the original research by MRD Foot mentioned below and other authors including R.J. Minney who wrote Carve her Name with Pride (the life of Violette Szabo) have been challenged by new findings. The Special Operations Executive (SOE), formed by Minister of Economic Warfare, Hugh Dalton, was tasked by Churchill to 'set Europe ablaze.' Agents were trained, under the Head of Training and Operations, Colonel Colin Gubbins, to conduct espionage . Instead, she was taken by ship to Gibraltar and from there she boarded an SOE narrow sailing boat which took her to a secluded beach near Cassis. Name SOE Section Nationality Born-Died Awards Notes; 1920-unk: WRNS: Claude de Baissac: 1907-1974 : Brother of Lis de Baissac and husband of Mary Katherine Herbert: 1905-2004: Sister of SOE Agent Claude de Baissac, Portrayed as Louise Desfontaines in the movie Female Agents (Les Femmes de l'ombre). Buy SOE in France: An Account of the Work of the British Special Operations Executive in France 1940-1944 (Government Official History Series) 1 by Foot, M.R.D. Commander of the British order of chivalry. Parachuted into France in February 1944. Rene was in love with another SOE agent named France Antelme, but when Nora arrived, Antelme . Sister of SOE Agent Claude de Baissac. All these escape lines were busy throughout the war and according to author Douglas Reanne one former member said: It was raining aviators at the height of WW2 On 14 October 1943, 82 bombers with 800 crew members of the US Eighth Air Force were shot down or crashed landed in occupied Europe. She was told, Noor distracted herself by writing childrens stories in her cell, and she could often be heard sobbing throughout the night. Most highly decorated woman in WWII. Her operational brief was to contact a resistance group on the French Riviera before moving north to Auxerre to establish a safe house for other agents passing through the area. The SOE agents assigned to each network are also listed. Married, King's Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom. After joining the RAF as a wireless operator she came to the attention of the SOE talent spotters and was asked to attend an informal interview at a hotel near Trafalgar Square London, where she was asked whether she would be interested in becoming specially employed. Block received a posthumous Kings Commendation for Bravery, the Croix de Guerre Avec Palme, Legion dhonneur and the Medaille de la Resistance. Claude de Baissac. SOE in France: An Account of the Work of the British Special Operations Executive in France 1940-1944 (Government Official History Series) 1st Edition . Noor Inayat Khan was posthumously awarded the George Cross. In Flames, Rita Kramer tries to unravel the knotty tale of the French Section of the SOE (Special Operations Executive) during World War II. They were sisters, Eileen and Jacqueline Neame. Little is known for certain about the childhood of Denis Joseph Rake, who like many secret agents continually embroidered and camouflaged the details of his life. After explaining they worked for the resistance and had just escaped from prison they were told to climb onto the back of an open horse drawn cart, the Farmer and his family then hid them under straw before taking them to a Benedictine monastery where the monks fed and sheltered them for two months. Apart from Harold Cole being responsible for mass arrests in Lillie which resulted in that section of the line collapsing his close working relationship with Kurt Lischka, the Gestapo chief in Paris who after the Normandy landings helped Cole escape is testament to his importance as a double agent and his influence within the Gestapo. . Please note: Denise BLOCH, rather than Bloch. After successfully making contact with Peter Churchill (Raoul) who ran the SPINDLE Circuit (who she married after the war), he gave her the address of a contact who was vital for her operation. Denise Bloch was eventually taken to Ravensbruck Concentration camp, along with Violet Szabo (mentioned later) and Lilian Rolf, who was the wireless operator for HISTORIAN Circuit. After several weeks of investigation the police identified the body and the identity of the other women in the photograph. Sister of SOE agents Eileen & Francis Nearne. Although no documents are available, it is known that all the resistance fighters from this circuit were scattering across France in the hope of receiving protection from other circuits. In charge of "Operation Osprey" that parachuted in Rogaland county on Dec. 10 1943. She was also noted for her cockney accent and wild sense of humour. Unique to the SOE, candidates also mastered the gunfighter technique for rapid and accurate use of handguns and became efficient with an assortment of British and German weapons. As the Germans were using large numbers of wireless detection vans with skilled technicians the life of an SOE wireless operator was estimated to be six weeks. Codename: Isabelle. This part of their training also consisted of schemes (tests) lasting 48 or 72 hours. . Heidi Staben, I suggest you learn about the subject before publicly abusing historical figures with rejected conspiracy theories. (LogOut/ During her say in Paris she was arrested twice by the Gestapo but on both occasions managed to talk her way out of the Gestapo Headquarters at 18 Avenue Voch. captured and executed in Dachau concentration camp. 2009. by . The staff were looking for individuals who could easily communicate and build rapport with people they dont know, stick to their legends (cover stories which were given to them prior to attending) and not to reveal their true identity or other personal information. SOE (Special Operations Executive) operations in Belgium. Not only did all SOE agents know the dangers, during their initiation and training they were also informed they would be expected to conduct activities Outside the boundaries of conduct of international law for normal times and normal war (Foot) Their role would be to use bribery, subversion, sabotage, assassination there were no rules! Ive been reading your work for many years and look forward to reading your new book on SOE. Captured when landed in France and killed at Gross-Rosen concentration camp, Section Captin flown into France night parachute in 6.3.1944, posted to Dachau 1945, Judge Advocate General's Branch 1945-46 (Germany) (A/Major), Codename Aleric, Gardener Circuit (w/t operator) Name changed to Roger Forster after his first marriage. Those who trusted Cole, including Suzanne Warenghem who he married in Paris on 10 April 1942, were shocked after discovering he was working for the Gestapo and was aware members of the resistance he was informing on were being executed or sent to concentration camps. By January 1943 the SPINDLE Circuit had been infiltrated by a double agent and the Gestapo knew the names of its members, passive supporters, the locations of their safe houses and mass arrests followed. Of the four British SOE agents allegedly executed at Dachau, Noor Inayat Khan has become the most famous. "Paddy fait de la rsistance".The Irish in the French Resistance and section F of SOE, 1940-1945 In 1941, the Irish Prime Minister, the Taoiseach, Eamon de Valera, sent a note to Ireland's Department of Foreign Affairs to obtain an estimate of the number of Irish people who were in occupied France.The department estimated that there were between seven hundred and eight hundred who lived there. She was also working blind- she had no support, did not know which safe houses were now under surveillance or who she could trust. I dont believe Heidi Staben has read recent work on the subject and agree with the others that this was a major problem in Holland. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Special Operations Executive (SOE) In June 1940, a secret volunteer service was recruited to create havoc and to wage war behind enemy lines. On her arrival at Ravensbruck, on 26 July, the Camp Commandant, Fritz Suhren, had already heard and believed Odette was connected to the British Prime Minister by marriage. The fact that no further transmissions were received from Nurse and her poem code was never used by the Germans suggests she resisted torture and never gave up her codes. Vera was also known for her deep humanity and sense of responsibility to those she was sending to possible death inside occupied France. Circuits: DETECTIVE, CLERGYMAN and WHEELWRIGHT. After Odette and Churchill narrowly missed an ambush during an attempt to reach a Lysander which had been sent to extract them, Churchill decided they would stay at the last remaining safe house, the Hotel de la Posts, and sent his wireless operator, Rabinovitch (Armaud) to Faverges, a village some ten miles away from the Hotel. Married Buntie Macklin-Sprake (Radio Operator Trainer). After reporting her findings to the head of a neighbouring circuit and arranging for their wireless operator to transmit her findings to London several days later Buckmaster sent a message saying the Circuit could not be saved and provided the coordinates for a Lysander extraction for her and Claud. Military Historian and Freelance Defence Journalist. . The Special Operations Executive in Burma 1941-1945 Burma Star - Website of Burma Star Association. It became clear to Odette that Suhren believed he would receive a lesser prison sentence by protecting a relative of Winston Churchill. Violette spent three weeks in Paris and the surrounding area to assess the problems and discovered that SALESMAN Circuit had completely collapsed: hundreds of its members had been arrested whilst others were seeking refuge with other circuits throughout France. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_SOE_F_Section_networks_and_agents&oldid=1122280860, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from January 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Noel Fernand Rauol Burdeyron (real name, Norman F. Burley) agent, single-handedly derailed German supply train by pulling up a rail, Autogiro's only successful attack. After Odette identified a suitable drop zone and the information had been sent to London, On 15 September Peter Churchill was parachuted into a remote area where Odette and Armaud were waiting for him. In 2010 the police were called to a small house in Torque and found the body of an 89-year-old female who had been dead for several days. SOE in France was first published in 1966, followed by a second impression with amendments in 1968. Your email address will not be published. Sometime in 1944, as Allied forces were fighting their way through France as part of Operation Overlord, Denise Bloch and Violet Szabo were taken to the crematorium yard where an SS guard shot them through the back of their necks and their bodies were cremated. Operated in northern France from October 1942 to June 1943. On the night of 16/17 June she boarded a Lysander at RAF Tangmere in Sussex, bound for a landing field near Angers in north-western France. On returning home to London, after completing Beaulieu and now officially a member of the SOE, within a few weeks Buckmaster asked to see her at Bakers Street. Organizer for Stockbroker circuit. Through Dericourt the Gestapo were able to follow the movements of all the agents on this flight. When she reached the American lines she identified herself as a British agent, personally accepted Suhrens surrender and his pistol and asked the American solider to arrest him for war crimes. The organization's F section sent more than four hundred agents into France, thirty-nine of whom were women. Thirty-nine of the 470 SOE agents in France were women . F. F. E. Yeo-Thomas (alias Shelley, alias Asymptote alias Cheval) and Maurice Lostrie (alias Trieur) were dropped on the night of 24 February 1944 by a RAF Halifax of 161 Squadron on DZ (Drop-zone) Sarrall, 16km NE of Montluon, Allier. Codename: Josette. Approximately 470 SOE agents served in France during World War II. Shortly after her arrival Yolande and the representative were arrested and within a few hours some 50 members of the resistance were in the hands of the Gestapo. (3) Courier or messenger: travel between organiser, wireless operator, and resistance groups to deliver and receive messages, and, on occasion, deliver explosives and other equipment. Wireless Operator. An official report written by a superior officer and sent to the high command, in which is described the person's gallant or meritorious action in the face of the enemy. Agents who had shown an aptitude for Morse code, after being reminded of the risks, were given the opportunity to be trained as a wireless operators at STS51, the Thames Park Wireless School. For cover purposes all SOE agents who had not served with a military unit wore military uniform, Violette wore the uniform of the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY). The following is an incomplete list of agents who served in the field for the Special Operations Executive during World War II. Determined to erase the humiliation he felt after the fall of France, Harry joined the Special Operations Executive (SOE), a British secret service sending agents behind enemy lines to stir up resistance and "set Europe ablaze". The publication in 1966 of M. R. D. Foot's SOE in France stands as a significant milestone in the history of British secrecy. Had collapsed approximately 470 SOE agents assigned to each network are also listed also noted her. Bloch, rather than Bloch including 39 women become the most famous the War Dachau, Inayat! At: https: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=UEhwZ9C1jgA to encourage and aid Resistance '' to Hotel! Star - Website of Burma Star Association Resistance Group in Poland during World War.... Give anything up after scooping up her possessions she stormed out of the 470 SOE agents to arrive France! 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